Malnutrition is a significant issue globally, especially among older adults. As people age, changes in their bodies can lead to decreased appetite, weight loss and other challenges, putting them at higher risk for malnutrition. Here are five surprising facts about malnutrition that may help you recognize it in yourself or a loved one.

Fact 1:  Malnutrition affects all body types 

Malnutrition isn’t just about being underweight—41.5% of U.S. adults ages 60 and older are overweight. Malnourished individuals can come in all sizes, including those who are obese. Even if someone eats enough calories, they might still lack essential nutrients like protein, which is important for maintaining muscle health.

In contrast, hunger refers to the feeling of discomfort caused by a lack of food. Older adults may lose their appetite for various reasons, even when their bodies still need nourishment.

Fact 2:  Older adults are especially at risk 

In 2021, one in 14 older adults experienced food insecurity. While malnutrition is more common in older adults living in health care settings like nursing homes (16-19%), it affects around 11% of older adults living in the community. As we age, our bodies’ nutrient needs change. It’s especially important to get adequate fluids, protein, calcium, and vitamin D while limiting salt and saturated fats.

Fact 3:  Malnutrition can come from a number of factors 

There are many reasons why older adults might become malnourished, including: chronic conditions, limited income, dental issues, trouble swallowing, loss of appetite, living alone, lack of mobility, medication side effects and depression or dementia.

These factors can compound each other, making it more difficult to get proper nutrition. For example, feeling too tired to cook or shop can worsen malnutrition, creating a cycle that’s hard to break.

Fact 4:  Eating more isn’t the solution 

Simply eating more food won’t necessarily prevent or treat malnutrition. It’s about getting the right balance of nutrients, not just calories. Adjusting your diet to include nutrient-rich foods and building muscle by exercising can help combat malnutrition. 

Fact 5:  Watch for warning signs 

Signs of malnutrition include:

• Muscle weakness, fatigue, frequent illness, irritability or depression, unplanned weight loss and loss of appetite. 
• Malnutrition is an imbalance of nutrients—meaning your diet may be high in calories but is low in nutrients that your body needs. Rather than just eat more, malnourished adults need to carefully adjust their diet to make sure they’re getting everything they need. 
• If you notice any of these warning signs in yourself or someone else, speak to a doctor. Recognizing the signs early and taking steps to address malnutrition can make a big difference in overall health.

This article was reprinted courtesy of National Council on Aging. Learn more at NCOA.org