As the holiday season approaches, so does the potential for snowy conditions, icy roads and cold weather hazards. Whether you’re planning a holiday road trip to visit family or gearing up for winter activities, it’s important to be prepared for the risks that cold weather can bring. 

From handling slick roads to staying warm during unexpected delays, this guide will help you travel safely before winter arrives. Keep these tips in mind as you make your winter travel plans!

DRIVING & TRAVEL

Snow and ice can dramatically increase the chances of accidents or becoming stranded. In fact, each year, thousands of carbon monoxide poisonings and over 200 deaths are linked to vehicles during the winter months, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 

Follow these tips to stay safe:

• Before winter hits, have your vehicle inspected, paying special attention to brakes, tires, battery, antifreeze, lights, wiper blades, heater and defroster. Keep your gas tank at least half full.

• Keep extra hats, mittens, scarves, boots, hand warmers and layers in your vehicle to prevent frostbite or hypothermia. Also, carry flares, a flashlight, batteries, a shovel, jumper cables, a fire extinguisher, an ice scraper and warning devices in case you get stranded.
  
  
• For longer trips or travel through rural areas, carry water, food and medications in case of delays.
  
  
• Program emergency numbers directly into your phone, as 911 calls from cell phones can lead to longer response times.
  
  
• Add bags of sand (75-150 pounds depending on your vehicle) to improve traction on icy roads.
  
  
• Keep an eye on weather forecasts.
  
  
• Before driving, ensure snow isn’t blocking your car’s exhaust to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
  
  
• Avoid driving in winter storms unless absolutely necessary. If you must drive, go slowly and inform someone of your route and estimated time of arrival.
  
  
• Never sit in a parked car that’s running unless a window is open.
  
  
• Never slam on your brakes on ice or snow. If your car skids, take your foot off the gas and steer in the direction of the skid. As the car straightens, gently steer in the direction you need to go.

If you become stranded:

• Place warning devices in front and behind your car.
  
  
• Run your car only periodically for heat and open a window slightly while it’s running.
  
  
• Layer on clothing and blankets to stay warm.
  
  
• Only leave your vehicle if an occupied building is within sight.

FROSTBITE PREVENTION & TREATMENT

Frostbite can occur when skin is exposed to cold for too long and, in severe cases, can lead to amputation. According to the American Red Cross, signs of frostbite include numbness, skin that looks white, yellow, blue or waxy and skin that feels hard or cold to the touch.

To prevent frostbite—especially if you’re traveling with children—follow these tips:

• Layer clothing including thermal underwear and waterproof outerwear.
  
  
• Don’t allow grandchildren to play outside for long periods and have them come inside to warm up regularly.
  
  
• Pay attention to the wind chill factor.

If frostbite occurs, don’t rub it. Soak the area in warm (not hot) water—no more than 105 degrees F. Don’t use high heat sources such as a furnace or fireplace, as this may cause damage to frozen tissue. Once skin warms and turns red, bandage it with loose, sterile gauze. Keep fingers and toes separated with cotton and don’t break any blisters. Seek medical attention as soon as possible. 

HYPOTHERMIA

Hypothermia, which can be deadly, occurs when the body’s core temperature drops too low. The CDC reports more than 700 hypothermia-related deaths each year. Hypothermia can even happen indoors if homes aren’t adequately heated.

• Dress appropriately for cold weather and avoid prolonged exposure.
• If you’re stranded, sleep when necessary, but briefly. Eat just before falling asleep, and avoid medications that cause drowsiness.
• Avoid activities that may cause sweating, as wet clothing accelerates heat loss. 
• Symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, clumsiness, confusion, numbness and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

To treat hypothermia:

• Call for emergency help immediately.
• Gradually warm the person by removing any damp clothing and wrapping them in warm, dry blankets. Heating pads or hot water bottles (with a barrier between the heat source and skin) can help, but don’t use direct heat sources like warm water baths, which can cause dangerous temperature swings.
• If no heat source is available, use body heat by having two people wrap in a blanket with the affected person. Offer warm (non-alcoholic) beverages if the person is conscious.