Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, affecting 1 in 5 Americans by age 70.

Seniors are among those at the highest risk. As we age, years of sun exposure add up, increasing the chances of skin damage that can eventually lead to cancer. 

The primary risk factor for skin cancer is cumulative exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Many seniors grew up before sunscreen use was prevalent and may have spent decades working or recreating outdoors without adequate protection.

Aging skin is thinner and less resilient, making it more susceptible to UV damage. The immune system also becomes less efficient, reducing the body’s ability to detect and repair abnormal cells before they become cancerous.

In Colorado, we live a mile above sea level, which puts us closer to the sun. Combined with more than 300 days of sunshine and an active outdoor lifestyle, Coloradans face a higher risk of skin cancer.

The three most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most frequently diagnosed in seniors and usually develop on areas with the most sun exposure, like the face, ears, neck and hands. 

Melanoma, while less common, is more dangerous. Seniors are more likely than younger adults to be diagnosed with advanced melanoma, often because changes in the skin are mistaken for normal signs of aging. When detected early, melanoma is curable with treatment. 

Regular skin checks are critical for early diagnosis. Seniors should look for new growths, sores that do not heal or changes in existing moles. Warning signs include asymmetry, irregular borders, changes in color, increasing size or any spot that itches, bleeds or becomes painful. Because some areas, such as the back or scalp, are difficult to see, help from a spouse, caregiver or healthcare provider can be invaluable.

“Most skin cancers are curable if caught early,” said Vinh Chung, a board-certified dermatologist and fellowship-trained Mohs surgeon at Vanguard Skin Specialists in Colorado Springs. “It’s good to schedule an annual exam. Depending on how much sun damage a person has, some seniors may need to be seen every six months. For some patients with a history of multiple skin cancers, we may see them every three to four months.”

Prevention remains one of the most powerful tools against skin cancer. Wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapply it regularly when outdoors. Long-sleeved clothing, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses provide additional protection. Seeking shade during peak sun hours, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., also reduces risk.

By practicing skin safety and scheduling regular checkups, seniors can significantly reduce their risk of skin cancer and maintain healthier skin well into later life. 

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